Conditional Sentences (Kalimat Pengandaian) adalah
kalimat dimana penutur mengandaikan sesuatu yang pada kenyataannya belum
terjadi, maupun pengandaian dimana apa yang diandaikan tidak terjadi seperti
apa yang diharapkan. Dalam membuat Conditional Sentence (Kalimat Pengandaian)
terdiri dari dua bagian yaitu : If clause (syarat) dan Main clause (hasil).
Contoh : If he studies English, he will get good score in TOEFL.
If he studies English merupakan If clause, sedangkan
he will get good score in TOEFL merupakan Main clause.
Artinya : Jika dia belajar Bahasa Inggris, dia akan mendapatkan nilai
yang bagus dalam test TOEFL.
Conditional Sentences (kalimat pengandaian) merupakan kalimat yang mengandaikan
sesuatu keinginan, harapan ataupun rencana yang masih bisa terjadi (Possible)
tak terpenuhi atau angan-angan (Unreal) dan tak terwujud (Impossible).
Kalimat Conditional Sentence (Kalimat Pengandaian) terdiri dari 4 macam. Adapun
kalimat tersebut memiliki fungsi, maksud serta tujuan yang berbeda dalam
penggunaannya. Beberapa contoh dibawah ini akan melengkapi penjelasan tentang
masing-masing tipe dari Conditional sentence.
1. Zero Conditional
Adalah tipe conditional sentence yang selalu dan sering kita ucapkan dalam
ucapan sehari-hari tapi terkadang kita belum bisa memahaminya. Zero Conditional
juga digunakan untuk menyatakan facts (fakta), habits (kebiasaan), daily
routines (kegiatan sehari-hari), rules (aturan) dan general truths (kebenaran
umum). Zero conditional sentence hanya menggunakan satu tense yaitu Simple
present tense.
Pola kalimat pengandaian Zero conditional (Type 0)
If + (Simple present tense) + (Simple present tense)
Penggunaan Zero Conditional sentence
No |
Examples |
Translate |
1 |
If you heat ice, it melts. |
Jika kamu memanaskan es, meleleh. |
2 |
If you touch a fire, you get burned. |
Jika kamu menyentuh api, kamu terbakar. |
3 |
If babies are hungry, they cry. |
Jika para bayi lapar, mereka menangis. |
4 |
Water boils, if you heat it to 100 degrees. |
Air mendidih jika kamu panaskan pada suhu 100 derajat celcius. |
5 |
Snakes bite, if they are scared. |
Ular menggigit jika merasa takut. |
6 |
If you mix red and blue, you get purple. |
Jika kamu mencampur merah dan biru, menjadi ungu. |
7 |
If you eat too much, you get fat. |
Jika makan terlalu banyak, kamu jadi gemuk. |
8 |
If you’re sad, I am sad! |
Jika kamu sedih, saya juga sedih! |
9 |
If I don't know a word, I look in my dictionary. |
Jika saya tidak tahu arti kata itu, saya melihatnya dikamus. |
10 |
If I am late for work, my boss gets angry. |
Jika saya terlambat datang kerja, bos saya marah. |
Zero conditional sentence biasaya tidak dipelajari ditingkat SMA
Ada beberapa contoh lain tentang penggunaan Zero conditional atau If conditional type 0 ini yaitu sebagai berikut :
Unless juga bisa digunakan sebagai pengganti If...not
No |
If...not |
Unless |
1 |
Ask Jane, if you are not sure what to do. |
Ask Jane unless you are sure what to do. |
2 |
I can’t drive, if I do not have my glasses. |
I can’t drive unless I have my glasses. |
3 |
You can’t drive a car, if you do not have a license. |
You can’t drive a car unless you have a license. |
4 |
People get hungry, if they do not eat. |
People get hungry, unless they eat. |
Unless disini juga bisa diartikan sebagai Jika...tidak
When juga bisa digunakan sebagai pengganti If
No |
If |
When |
1 |
If I am sad, I
go shopping. |
When I am sad, I
go shopping. |
2 |
I listen to my ipod, if I jog. |
I listen to my ipod, when I jog. |
3 |
If you freeze
water, it turns to ice.. |
When you freeze
water, it turns to ice. |
4 |
The grass gets wet, if it rains. |
The grass gets wet when it rains. |
When disini juga bisa diartikan sebagai Jika
Penggunaan modal pada Zero conditional sentence
No |
Modal |
Translate |
1 |
I can drive well, if I have my glasses. |
Saya bisa menyetir dengan benar, jika pakai kacamata |
2 |
If you want to pass the exam, you must study hard. |
Jika kamu ingin lulus ujian itu, kamu harus belajar dengan giat. |
3 |
You should cycle to work, if it is cold. |
Kamu seharusnya bersepeda ketempat kerja, jika cuaca dingin. |
Modal yang lainnya juga bisa digunakan
Penggunaan imperative pada Zero conditional sentence
No |
Imperative |
Translate |
1 |
Please don’t disturb me, if I am asleep! |
Jangan mengganggu saya jika saya tidur! |
2 |
If you’re hungry, eat something! |
Jika kamu lapar, makanlah sesuatu! |
3 |
When I am reading, don't make noisy! |
Jika saya sedang membaca, jangan ribut! |
Imperative sentence berupa perintah/larangan
Penggunaan present continious pada Zero conditional sentence
No |
P. continious |
Translate |
1 |
If I am driving, I never answer my cell phone. |
Jika saya sedang menyetir, saya tidak pernah menjawab telepon |
2 |
When I’m reading, my cat sits on my lap. |
Ketika saya sedang membaca, kucing saya duduk dipangkuanku |
Penggunaan present continious tense
2. First Conditional
First Conditional disebut juga Future conditional atau juga dikenal sebagai kalimat pengandaian (Type 1). Kalimat ini digunakan untuk mengandaikan sesuatu yang dimasa akan datang berupa keinginan, harapan, ataupun rencana yang masih bisa terjadi (Possible).
Pola kalimat pengandaian First conditional (Type 1)
If + Subject + V1 + (Simple present tense) Subject + Will + V1 (Simple future tense)
Atau
If + Subject + Be (present) + Adjective / Noun Subject + Will be + Adjective / Noun
No |
Examples |
Translate |
1 |
I will come, if I have enough time. |
Saya akan datang, jika saya ada waktu. |
2 |
If I study hard, I will pass the exam. |
Jika saya belajar dengan giat, saya akan lulus ujian. |
3 |
If I work hard, I will have a lot of money. |
Jika saya kerja keras, saya akan punya banyak uang. |
4 |
If Jack does not buy the book, his friends will be angry with him. |
Jika Jack tidak membeli buku itu, temannya akan marah. |
5 |
My mom will be angry if I’m late tonight. |
Ibu saya akan marah, jika saya telat pulang malam ini. |
6 |
If my friends come, I will be very happy. |
Jika teman saya datang, saya akan sangat bahagia. |
7 |
I will finish that project, if I have time. |
Saya akan menyelesaikan tugas ini, jika ada waktu. |
8 |
She will be late, if the train is delayed. |
Dia akan terlambat, jika kereta tunda keberangkatan. |
9 |
If it rains, I will not go for a walk. |
Jika hujan, saya tidak akan pergi jalan kaki. |
10 |
If the sun shines, we will walk to the town. |
Jika matahari bersinar, kami akan berjalan ke kota. |
First conditional juga bisa berbentuk Negatif
Ada beberapa contoh lain tentang penggunaan First conditional atau If conditional type 1 ini yaitu sebagai berikut :
Untuk menyatakan atau membuat rencana
No |
Examples |
Translate |
1 |
If I have much money, I will invite you to Japan. |
Jika saya punya banyak uang, saya akan mengajakmu ke Jepang. |
2 |
He will go to Australia, if he has a lot of money. |
Dia akan pergi ke Australia, jika dia mempunyai banyak uang. |
Menyatakan atau membuat rencana
Untuk menyatakan kebiasaan
No |
Examples |
Translate |
1 |
If I have a car, I will take you to school everyday. |
Jika sayamempunyai mobil, saya akan mengantarmu kesekolah setiap hari. |
2 |
Mary will be happy, if she wins the prize. |
Marry akan bahagia, jika dia memenangkan hadiahnya. |
Bisa digunakan untuk menyatakan kebiasaan
Untuk menyatakan kemungkinan
No |
Examples |
Translate |
1 |
You will miss the train, if you don’t hurry! |
Kamu akan ketinggalan kereta, jika kamu tidak cepat. |
2 |
My father will be angry, if I’m late tonight! |
Ayah saya akan marah jika saya pulang telat malam ini. |
Bisa digunakan untuk menyatakan kemungkinan
Untuk menyatakan meminta dan memberi izin
No |
Examples |
Translate |
1 |
You might be here, if you are noy busy. |
Kamu boleh kesini, jik akmu tidak sibuk. |
2 |
You can ride a motorcycle, if you have driving license. |
Kamu bisa mengendarai sepeda motor, jika sudah puny SIM. |
Bisa menggunakan may/might/can/could/would
Untuk menyatakan perintah dan larangan
No |
Examples |
Translate |
1 |
If you say that again, I will hurt you! |
Jika kamu mengatakan itu lagi, saya akan memukulmu! |
2 |
If you eat too much ice cream, you will make yourself sick! |
Jika kamu makan banyak es krim, kamu akan sakit. |
Kalimat menggunaan exclamation (tanda seru)
Untuk menyatakan nasehat
No |
Examples |
Translate |
1 |
If Alex is here, you had better go. |
Jika Alex disini, kamu lebih baik pergi. |
2 |
You should be here, if my parents are on abroad. |
Kamu seharusnya disini, jika orang tua saya keluar negri. |
Bisa digunakan untuk menyatakan nasehat
3. Second Conditional
Second Conditional disebut juga Present conditional atau juga dikenal sebagai kalimat pengandaian (Type 2). Kalimat ini digunakan untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang tidak mungkin terjadi atau bertentangan dengan kenyataan pada waktu sekarang. Kalimat tipe ini biasanya digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu keinginan, harapan ataupun rencana yang tak terpenuhi (Unreal).
Pola kalimat pengandaian Second conditional (Type 2)
If + Subject + V2 + (Simple past tense) Subject + Would + V1 (Past future tense)
Atau
If + Subject + Were + Adjective / Noun Subject + Would be + Adjective / Noun
No |
Examples |
Translate |
1 |
If my grandfather were alive today, she would be 107. |
Jika kakek saya masih hidup, dia akan berusia 107 tahun. |
2 |
If I lived in Canada, I would speak English fluently. |
Jika saya tinggal di Kanada, saya akan lancar bicara bahasa Inggris. |
3 |
If I were you, I would apply for that scholarship. |
Jika saya jadi kamu, saya akan mendaftar untuk beasiswa itu. |
4 |
Romy would buy a new car, if he got job in foreign company. |
Romy akan membeli mobil baru, jika dia dapat kerja di perusahaan asing. |
5 |
Jack would be healthier, if he didn’t smoke. |
Jack akan lebih sehat, jika dia tidak merokok. |
6 |
If I had millions dollars, I would give a lot to charity. |
Jika saya punya jutaan dolar, saya akan perbanyak memberi untuk amal. |
7 |
If dogs had wings, they would be able to fly. |
Jika anjing punya sayap, mereka akan bisa terbang. |
8 |
If animal could speak, they would be understand what they think. |
Jika binatang bisa bicara, mereka akan mengerti apa yang mereka pikir. |
9 |
If I met the President of Indonesia, I would say hello. |
Jika saya bertemu presiden Indonesia, saya akan menyapa. |
10 |
If I were you, I wouldn't go out with that girl. |
Jika saya jadi kamu, saya tidak akan keluar dengan gadis itu. |
"Were" digunkan untuk semua subject
Fact (fakta) yang diungkapkan dalam kalimat pengandaian tipe 2 ini menyatakan bahwa saat ini apa yang diandaikan itu tidak terjadi.
No |
Examples |
Translate |
1 |
If I had a car, I would go to Bali once a month. |
Jika saya punya mobil, saya akan ke Bali sekali sebulan. |
It means : I don't have a car, so I don't go to Bali. |
||
2 |
If I were you, I would go to that party. |
Jika saya jadi kamu, saya akan pergi ke pesta itu. |
It means : I am not yo, so I don't go to that party. |
||
3 |
If Any came to my house, I would make a delicious cake. |
Jika Any datang kerumahku, Saya akan membuat kue yang lezat. |
Fact : She doesn't come to my house, so I don't make a delicious cake. |
||
4 |
If we went to China, we'd visit the Great Wall. |
Jika saya pergi ke Cina, saya akan mengunjungi Tembok raksasa. |
Fact : We doesn't go to China, so we don't visit the Great Wall. |
||
5 |
If he had long holiday, he would visit my hometown. |
Jika dia ada libur panjang, dia akan mengunjungi kampung saya. |
Fact : He has not long holiday, so he can't visit my hometown. |
Fact atau It means disini maksudnya untuk menyatakan kenyataannya
4. Third Conditional
Third Conditional disebut juga Past conditional atau juga dikenal sebagai kalimat pengandaian (Type 3). adalah kalimat yang mengandaikan sesuatu yang sudah terjadi dan tidak terjadi dimasa lalu. Kalimat ini jelas digunakan untuk pengandaian tentang sesuatu hal yang tidak pernah terjadi diwaktu lampau baik berupa keinginan, harapan ataupun rencana yang tak terwujud (Impossible).
Pola kalimat pengandaian Third conditional (Type 3)
If + Subject + Had + V3 + (Past perfect tense) Subject + Would have + V3 (Future past perfect)
Atau
If + Subject + Had been + Adjective / Noun Subject + Would have been + Adjective / Noun
No |
Examples |
Translate |
1 |
If we had taken a taxi, we wouldn't have missed the plane. |
Jika kita naik taksi, kita tidak akan ketinggalan pesawat. |
2 |
If I hadn't gone to the mountain, I wouldn't have had an accident. |
Jika saya tidak pergi naik gunung, saya tidak akan mengalami kecelakaan. |
3 |
What would have happened, if the Titantic hadn't sunk? |
Apa yang akan terjadi , jika Titantic tidak tenggelam? |
4 |
Their teacher would have been sad, if they had not passed their exam. |
Guru mereka akan sedih, jika mereka tidak lulus ujian. |
5 |
If I had seen him at the meeting, I would have asked him. |
Jika saya melihat dia di pertemuan itu, saya akan menanyakannya. |
6 |
If I had known that you needed help, I would have come. |
Jika saya tahu bahwa kamu membutuhkan bantuan, saya akan datang . |
7 |
If we had booked our flight earlier, it would have been cheaper. |
Jika kami memesan tiket pesawat lebih awal, itu akan lebih murah. |
8 |
If I had revised more, I would have done better on my thesis. |
Jika saya revisi lagi, saya akan mendapatkan hasil tesis yang lebih baik. |
9 |
The dog would not have attacked you if you hadn't teased him. |
Anjing tidak akan menyerang kamu, jika kamu tidak mengganggunya. |
10 |
If I had had enough money, I would have gone to Japan. |
Jika saya punya cukup uang, saya akan pergi ke Jepang. |
Menyatakan apa yang diandaikan tidak pernah terjadi
Anda juga bisa menggunakan struktur kalimat ini untuk mengungkapkan suatu penyesalan tentang sesuatu di masa lalu, dan berharap masa lalu yang telah terjadi itu berbeda.
Manyakan suatu penyesalan dimasa lalu
No |
Examples |
Translate |
1 |
If we had known the movie was so awful, we wouldn’t have wasted our money on it. |
Jika kami tahu film itu begitu mengerikan, kami tidak akan menyia-nyiakan uang untuk itu. |
2 |
If I had finished high school and gone to university, I would have gotten a better job. |
Jika saya tamat SMA dan lanjut kuliah, saya akan mendapatkan pekerjaan yang lebih baik. |
Bisa digunakan untuk menyatakan regret
Main clause bisa dibentuk dengan 'would', 'could' or 'might.
No |
Examples |
Translate |
1 |
If I had known you would be at the party, I might have gone. |
Jika saya tahu kamu akan berada di pesta, saya mungkin pergi. |
2 |
If I had known you didn’t have a car, I could have driven you to the meeting. |
Jika saya tahu kamu tidak punya mobil, saya bisa mengantarmu ke pertemuan itu. |
Bisa menggunakan 'would', 'could' or 'might.
Bisa menggunakan past/future perfect continuous
No |
Examples |
Translate |
1 |
If she had been paying attention in class yesterday, she would have heard that we have a quiz today. |
Jika dia memperhatikan kelas kemarin, dia akan mendengar bahwa kita ada quiz kuis hari ini. |
2 |
If you had been at the party, you would have been laughing at his outrageous outfit too. |
Jika kamu berada di pesta itu, kamu juga akan menertawakan pakaian memalukan itu. |
Bisa menggunakan continuous tense pada If clause dan Main clause
Menggunakan What would.....
No |
Examples |
Translate |
1 |
What would you have done, if you hadn’t been accepted at any university? |
Apa yang akan kamu lakukan jika kamu tidak diterima di universitas manapun? |
2 |
What would you have done, if we hadn’t been there to help? |
Apa yang akan kamu lakukan jika kami tidak disana untuk menolong. |
What would menanyakan sesuatu yang tidak terjadi
Menggunakan wishes/wish/if only
No |
Examples |
Translate |
1 |
He wishes he had lived in Paris. |
Dia berharap dia tinggal di Paris. |
2 |
If only I had had enough money to travel to Padang. |
Kalau saja aku punya uang yang cukup untuk melakukan perjalanan ke Padang. |
wishes/wish/if only membayangkan bahwa sesuatu itu terjadi
Fact (fakta) yang diungkapkan dalam kalimat pengandaian tipe 3 ini menyatakan bahwa apa yang diandaikan tidak pernah terjadi dimasa lalu.
No |
Examples |
Translate |
1 |
If She hadn't eaten so much, she wouldn't have felt sick. |
Jika Dia tidak makan banyak, dia tidak akan merasa sakit. |
It means : She eat a lot, and so she felt sick. |
||
2 |
If he had studied, he would have passed the exam. |
Jika dia belajar, dia akan lulus ujian. |
It means : Really we know he didn't study and so he didn't pass. |
||
3 |
If we had arrived earlier, we would have seen Jack. |
Jika kita telah datang lebih awal, kita akan bertemu Jack. |
Fact : She didn't arrive earlier, so we didn't meet Jack. |
||
4 |
If he had become a musician, he would have recorded a CD. |
Jika dia menjadi seorang musisi, dia akan melakukan rekaman CD |
Fact : He wasn't a musician, so he didn't record any CD. |
||
5 |
She could have attended the meeting, if she had taken the first bus. |
Dia bisa menghadiri pertemuan tersebut , jika dia naik bus yang pertama. |
Fact : She was too late for the first bus. |
Fact atau It means disini maksudnya untuk menyatakan kenyataannya
Demikianlah artikel tentang Penjelasan Tentang Conditional Sentences (Kalimat Pengandaian) Terlengkap. Semoga dengan adanya artikel ini kita jadi lebih tahu tentang Conditional Sentence baik itu 1st Conditional Sentence, 2nd Conditional Sentence maupun 3rd Conditional Sentence.
SOAL SOAL
1. If I … (finish) my assignment tonight, I will go to Mall with my friends.
a. finish
b. finishes
c. would finish
d. had finished
Jawabannya : A (finish)
2. If you cook vegetables for long time, they … (lose) their nutrients.
a. lose
b. loses
c. had lose
d. would lose
Jawabannya : A (lose)
3. I would never lend to you if I … (know) before.
a. know
b. knows
c. knew
d. had known
Jawabannya : C (knew)
4. If we … (wake up) earlier, we would have reached school.
a. wake up
b. woke up
c. woken up
d. had woken up
Jawabannya : D (had woken up)
5. Dinda would buy tens luxury houses if she … (win) the lottery.
a. win
b. wins
c. won
d. had won
Jawabannya : C (won)
6. If the Sun rises on the west, the world … (end)
a. end
b. ends
c. ended
d. will end
Jawabannya : B (ends)
7. They … (bring) the cake if the baker had finished it.
a. brought
b. had brought
c. would brought
d. would have brought
Jawabannya : D (would have brought)
8. Ramadhan will be so silent if Corona … (not;leave) soon.
a. not leave
b. don’t leave
c. doesn’t leave
d. had left
Jawabannya : C (doesn’t leave)
9. If today is your birthday, I … (give) you present.
a. give
b. gives
c. will give
d. would give
Jawabannya : C (will give)
10. Nothing is going to change my love for you if you always … (love) me too.
a. love
b. loves
c. loving
d. will love
Jawabannya : A (love)
11. If Rafli gets score more than 90, his mom … (buy) PS 4 for him.
a. buy
b. buys
c. will buy
d. would buy
Jawabannya : C (will buy)
12. Dinda would erase all policies she hated if she … (be) a president.
a. was
b. being
c. to be
d. were
Jawabannya : D (were)
13. If my brother … (study) hard, he would have passed the exam well.
a. studies
b. had study
c. had studied
d. have studied
Jawabannya : C (had studied)
14. Indonesian people would be safe from corona if they … (keep) healthy environment.
a. keep
b. kept
c. keeping
d. had kept
Jawabannya : B (kept)
15. You will never earn money if you just … (stay) at home doing nothing.
a. stay
b. stays
c. stayed
d. staying
Jawabannya : A (stay)
16. 2020 graders would do UNBK if corona … (go) away.
a. goes
b. went
c. gone
d. had gone
Jawabannya : B (went)
17. If my brother and I finish the homework this evening, we … (watch) TV tonight.
a. can watch
b. could watch
c. can be watched
d. could be watched
Jawabannya : A (can watch)
18. They … (win) the match if the had trained harder.
a. won
b. had won
c. would won
d. would have won
Jawabannya : D (would have won)
19. If I were rich, I … (collect) many branded bags.
a. collected
b. would collect
c. had collected
d. would collected
Jawabannya : B (would collect)
20. The cock crows if morning … (come).
a. come
b. comes
c. came
d. had come
Jawabannya : B (comes)
Soal Isian Singkat (Tipe Zero & First Conditional)
1. Avatar will make peace the 4 worlds if Avatar … (master) 4 elements.
2. If you eat, you … (feel) full.
3. There will be no mercy if you always … (do) this again.
4. Will you marry me if I … (have) much money?
5. My laptop … (work) well if the battery is full charge.
6. If you close your eyes, you … (not; see) anything.
7. If we have good character, everyone … (like) us.
8. Shinta will not wear her dress if the tailor … (not;finish) it.
9. You (earn) money if you don’t have job.
10. It … (light) if you turn the light on.
Jawaban:
1. masters
2. feel
3. do
4. have
5. will work
6. can not
7. will like
8. doesn’t finish
9. will not earn / won’t earn
10. lights
Soal Isian Singkat (Tipe Second Conditional)
1. If you were a president, this country … (shatter).
2. Tiara would date you if you … (get) much inheritance.
3. Desy … (buy) many expensive sport cars if she won the lottery.
4. If Corona didn’t exist, the world … (keep) in peace.
5. If Dono … (have) a girlfriend, he would be vain.
6. My father would leave my mother if she … (cheat) from him.
7. The world war IV would happen if some countries … (fight) each other.
8. If we ate all the pizza last night, we … (get) stomacache.
9. I would lend you some money if I … (have) it.
10. Bill … (slap) Liza if she hung out with other guy.
Jawaban:
1. would shatter
2. got
3. would buy
4. would keep
5. had
6. cheated
7. fought
8. would get
9. had
10. would slap
Soal Isian Singkat (Tipe Third Conditional)
1. If they had trained hard before, they … (win) the match.
2. Kelly would have cooked the soup if she … (not;sleep) in the living room.
3. If we … (publish) this, we would have been popular.
4. If my laptop had had high-end features, I … (download) all the big size game.
5. Beny would have joined that team if he … (pass) the test well.
6. If Dinda … (bring) an umbrella, she wouldn’t have got wet.
7. Your boyfriend … (reject) your calls if you had replied his text message fast.
8. Would you have given her apologies if she … (ask) forgiveness?
9. If Doni had seen the doctor, he … (feel) better now.
10. If we had passed this season, we … (go) for holiday.
Jawaban:
1. would have won
2. hadn’t slept
3. had published
4. would have downloaded
5. had passed
6. had brought
7. would have rejected
8. had asked
9. would have felt
10. would have gone
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